Despite being the fourth most common neurological disorder, epilepsy is still widely misunderstood. There are still many misconceptions regarding epilepsy and seizures, including what causes a seizure and what treatment options are available.

Some of the most common myths, like restraining or placing an object in the mouth of someone who is having a seizure, can even be harmful. It’s valuable to remedy these falsehoods for the health and safety of all, as not everyone who has a seizure has epilepsy and not all seizures are the same. Below are the most common myths related to epilepsy and seizures.

Everyone who has a seizure has epilepsy - FALSE

Anyone can have a seizure. Recurrent seizures are epilepsy or sometimes referred to as "seizure disorder" but having a single seizure does not automatically guarantee a diagnosis of epilepsy.

Seizures can be caused by electrical misfiring in the brain. Certain brain conditions can predispose someone to have recurrent seizures. Seizures can also occur because of a variety of other causes like, very low or high blood sugar levels, very high blood pressure, alcohol withdrawal, toxic exposures, or even extreme stress, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Knowledge about seizures can help prevent some of these types of seizures, as well as reduce the risk.

Every seizure is the same – FALSE

Not all seizures resemble what you may have seen on TV or internet! In fact, there are many different types of seizures, each marked by unique symptoms.

While many people associate seizures with uncontrolled jerking movements (tonic-clonic seizure), a person can also exhibit more subtle changes in their behavior such as staring without responding, wandering about confused, garbled speech, repeating purposeless movements or even just an unusual degree of confusion, especially in the older population. Many of these can be subtle and are often unrecognized as seizures.

Some people describe atypical and strange repetitive experiences or vague feelings. These are often described as auras – a brief type of seizure.

You should restrain someone during a seizure – FALSE

Trying to restrain a person can cause further injury – they may fight you in their state of confusion! Instead, turn the patient to the side, move anything sharp out of the way, remove eyeglasses (if any) and place a soft cushion under the person’s head. All of these steps are intended to protect them from injury. Most seizures stop spontaneously within one to two minutes.

You can swallow your tongue during a seizure – FALSE

It is physically impossible to swallow your own tongue. However, the relaxed tongue could block a person’s breathing passage. You should roll the person onto their side so the tongue can fall away and to the side. This also prevents choking on vomit and excess saliva.

You should put something into the mouth of someone having a seizure - FALSE

Never put an object into someone’s mouth during a seizure. Doing so risks injury to the teeth, tongue, gums, or jaw. During a seizure the person can bite their tongue leading to bruising and or bleeding. Do not place anything in the mouth. The tongue bite is almost always mild and does not require emergent manipulation.

After the seizure is over, the person immediately resumes complete normal function – FALSE

After a seizure, it may take some time for the person to get back to the baseline state. For example, many people may experience sleepiness or tiredness after a seizure. With convulsions, the person may report muscle soreness.

Seizures or epilepsy affects one’s intelligence – FALSE

Seizures/epilepsy is a neurological disorder and has nothing to do with intelligence. However, having frequent seizures can impact learning and memory. Also, some medications can have side-effects that include fatigue, drowsiness and can impact alertness.

People who suffer from seizures cannot participate in normal activities – FALSE

Did you know that Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States, had epilepsy? Famous creative minds such as Charles Dickens, Lewis Carroll, Vincent Van Gogh, Elton John, and Prince are just some of the other successful people with wide-ranging careers who are known to have had epilepsy.

In most cases, seizure disorders are not a barrier to participating in normal activities. Restrictions apply when seizures are not well controlled and can potentially be a cause of concern for the safety of the patient and others. With appropriate and adequate treatment, many people continue to play sports, attend school, drive, and go about their daily lives.

Seizure disorder or epilepsy cannot be cured – TRUE, HOWEVER...

Just like diabetes or hypertension, there is no cure for epilepsy or seizure disorder at this time. However, there are several treatment options for epilepsy and seizures that include medications, diet, medical devices and surgery.

Finding the correct treatment mainly relies on a comprehensive valuation by a neurologist and a thorough discussion of appropriate options. With the appropriate treatment, many patients can become seizure-free and live their lives to the fullest!

If medications are no longer working or they are intolerable, there is little that can be done to control seizures – FALSE

In addition to medications, several lifestyle modifications and dietary therapies can be effective in preventing seizures. With advancements in medical sciences, we can now manage epilepsy with a targeted approach – we can find the source of the seizures in the brain and treat this with surgical procedures or minimally invasive interventions. This can be life changing for many patients with epilepsy and help them improve their quality of life.